Effect of Apremilast in Experimentally Induced Hyperlipidemic Mice

Abstract

Background: Hyperlipidemia is a chronic condition defined by unusually high amounts of lipids and lipoproteins in the blood, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). It is a major cause of arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, cerebral stroke, and renal failure. Both inherited and acquired hyperlipidemia can often be included in the classification of hyperlipidemia (1). The objective: To evaluate the antihyperlipidemic effect of apremilast in Swiss albino male mice induced by a high-fat diet HFD. Method: Thirty-two healthy male albino mice were divided randomly into four groups, each with eight mice (n=8). The Control (apparently healthy) group 1 was neither induced nor treated and fed with a standard diet and tap water. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were fed HFD for 28 days to induce hyperlipidemic models. After induction of hyperlipidemia, group 2 acted as an induction group, whereas group 3 received atorvastatin as a standard drug at 10 mg/kg/day orally for 28 consecutive days. apremilast was administered orally at 20 mg/kg/day to group 4 for 28 consecutive days to evaluate its effect on hyperlipidemia in mice. The lipid profile, liver enzymatic activity, and oxidative stress parameters were measured and the histopathological changes in the liver was measured. Results: lipid profile, hepatic enzyme activity, and oxidative stress parameters show a significant reduction (p < 0.05) with significant improvement in the liver histology compared to those induced non-treated groups. Conclusion: apremilast has a therapeutic effect on hyperlipidemia in mice induced by HFD through its ability to reduce lipid profile, liver enzyme activity, and oxidative stress parameters and improve the liver histopathological changes